it 的用法完全概括
- 2022-04-08 02:42:37
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1. 指代事物或性別不明確的動物
You can not eat your cake and have it. 事難兩全。
Come on, it says to go. 走啊，信號燈放行了。
She went up to the cat and started stroking it. 她走上前去，開始撫摸那只貓。
“What's the sound?” “It's the wind shaking the door.” “是什么聲音？”“是風吹門。”
2. 指代嬰兒、未知的人、未確定的人、人的身份或境況，或表示誰做某動作
Look at the baby. Isn't it lovely? 瞧那嬰兒，多可愛啊！
“Who's that?” “It's Jim.” “誰呀？”“吉姆。”
The landlord! Here it comes. 是房東啊！他來了。
“What's the noise?” “It is only the boy.” “是什么聲音？”“就是那個男孩。”
A tall man came in, smiling. It was Captain Cook. 一個高個子男人微笑著走了進來，他是庫克船長。
A：Someone is at the door. 門口有人。
B：Who is it？誰呀？
【提示】
① 這種用法的it可以指復數名詞。
如：“Who is making so much noise?”“It must be the children.”“誰這么吵？”“那一定是孩子們。”
② it可有下面這種用法，表示強調：
Thus when he spoke it was in a sharper voice. 所以，他說話時那口氣就更加嚴厲了。
When she rushed out, it was to call a taxi. 她匆忙跑出去是為了叫出租車。
③ 在下面的句子中，it指代后面的名詞，表示強調。
如：It was shocking, that accident. 那個事件使人十分震驚。
It's a nuisance, this delay. 這么耽擱下去，太討厭了。
④ 注意下面兩句：
What a clever girl it is! 多么聰明的姑娘啊！（用于感嘆句表示親密）
What a mean man it is! 多么卑鄙的人啊！（用于感嘆句表示鄙視）
3. 電話用語中
“Who is it speaking?” “It's Sam.” “是哪位？”“我是薩姆。”
Hello, it's Silva here. Is Polly there, please? 喂，我是西爾瓦，請問波莉在嗎
4. 指天氣、時間、距離、自然現象、環境等
It's raining. 下雨了。
It was a bitterly cold night. 那是一個非常寒冷的夜晚。
It's Friday tomorrow. 明天星期五。
It's spring now. 現在已是春天了。
It will soon be Christmas. 圣誕節快到了。
It's noisy here. 這兒很吵鬧。
It's very lonely here. 這兒太冷清了。
It is twenty miles to the zoo. 到動物園有20英里。
How far is it from here to the beach? 從這里到海邊有多遠？
It is very quiet here. 這里很安靜。
5. 作先行代詞，代替不定式，作形式主語或形式賓語
以it作形式主語或形式賓語的動詞有：feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, prove, think, suppose, deem，count, regard等。這種結構中，常用作表語的名詞有：pity, pleasure, shame等; 常用作表語的形容詞有：easy, important, vital, necessary, difficult等。本結構中，被替代的成分要置于句尾。
如: I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand. 我認為還是事先告訴她好。
It is of great help to master a foreign language. 掌握一門外語有很大幫助。
We shall leave it to him to settle the matter. 我們將讓他來解決這件事。（=It is left to him to ...）
It's a pleasure for me to be here. 我很高興來這里。
It's important to reconsider the matter. 重新考慮這件事很重要。
6. 作先行代詞，代替動名詞
it 代替動名詞，主要用于下面的結構中：
It is no good/fun/no help/no use/useless/senseless/dangerous/enjoyable/worthwhile等+動名詞
It is a waste/a nuisance/hard work等+動名詞
It's no good talking with her. 同她說沒有用。
It's much fun playing on the beach. 在海邊玩耍真好玩。
It's well worth getting there half an hour earlier. 很值得提前半個小時到達那里。
It is worthwhile making another try. 再試一次是值得的。
It is hard work persuading him into doing it. 說服他做那件事很難。
I think it wrong doing it this way. 我覺得這樣做是錯的。
It is wonderful, swimming in summer. 夏天游泳真快活。
It wouldn't do your going alone. 你自己去不行吧。
It's a waste of time your talking to him. 你同他說是浪費時間。
It is very risky, your going off in such a hurry. 你這樣匆忙去是很危險的。
It has been just splendid meeting you here. 在這里見到你，真是太好了。
It was the merest chance his getting scholarships. 他得獎學金的機會太小了。
I know it's awful my coming here. 我知道自己來這里是很煞風景的。
I find it a waste spending so much money drinking and eating. 我認為把這么多錢花在吃喝上是一種浪費。
7. 作先行代詞，代替名詞性從句
該結構中的名詞性從句可用that，what，when等引導。例如：
It is a shame that they were cheated. 他們受了騙，真是太不像話了。
Has it been found out who is the murderer？查明誰是兇手沒有？
It is not known what caused the accident. 不知道事故的起因。
It is a mystery when they got married. 他們何時結的婚是個謎。
It's no business of yours what I think. 我怎么想不關你的事。
He wants to make it clear whether you still love him or not. 他想弄弄清楚你是否還愛他。
We have made it clear that she has nothing to do with the case. 我們已經弄清楚她與這個案子無關。
She resented it terribly that her brother refused to help. 她哥哥拒絕幫助，她因此非常氣憤。
I knew what it would mean to our family that Mother had lost her job. 我知道母親失去了工作對家庭意味著什么。
It is obvious that metals in common use are very important in our life. 顯而易見，普通金屬對我們的生活非常重要。
I owe it to you that I have survived the disaster. 多虧了你我才逃過一劫。(=It is owed to you that...)
8. 在it seems strange，it looks likely/unlikely, it appears probable, it is (not) likely等結構中作主語
這類結構中的it為形式主語，指代后面的句子，可作轉換。
如: It's likely that the criminal is hiding in the cave. 罪犯很可能藏在山洞里。
It looks very unlikely that we will be finished by January. 看來我們1月份完成的可能性不大。
It appeared highly probable that his parents would stop his allowance. 似乎極有可能他父母不再給他零用錢。
It seems strange that my name isn't on the list. 我的名字不在名單上，這似乎很奇怪。（可轉換為：That my name isn't on the list seems strange.）
【提示】在“It seems/appears/(so) happens/chanced/transpired/came about/turned out+that-從句”結構中，it為虛設主語（不是形式主語，不可作轉換），that-從句不是動詞的賓語，而是一個外置的分句，但不存在非外位的形式。
“It may/could be+that-從句”結構中的that-從句也是一種分句外位結構，表達可能性，也不存在非外位的形式。
如：It happened that the weather was exceptionally hot. 碰巧天氣異常炎熱。
It may be that she no longer lives here. 也許她不住在這里了。
Could it be that you left your umbrella in the shop? 你是不是把傘丟在商店里了？
It seems that no one really knows where he's gone. 似乎沒有人真正知道他去了哪里。
It appears that there has been a change in the plan. 計劃好像做了修改。
It finally transpired that he had not a single penny in his pocket.最后得知他口袋里連一個便士也沒有。
It seems that your shoes need seeing to.［√］你的鞋好像得修補了。
That your shoes need seeing to seems. ［×］
同樣，我們可以說：It is said that the tree is 1,500 years old .但不可說：That the tree is 1,500 years old is said.
9. 用于獨立句中
it還常同be動詞和with連用，構成獨立的句子，為習慣用法。
如：It is all gone with her. 她一切都完了。
It is all over with it. 一切都過去了。
It is well with him. 他一切都很好。
It is always so with boys. 男孩子就是這樣。
It fared well with us. 我們生活得很好。
How is it with your wife? 你太太好嗎？
10. 用于強調句中
無指代關系，也無實義，去掉“it is ... that ...”三個詞后，剩余的詞仍能單獨組成一個完整的句子。如：It is the drink that does it. 那是喝酒造成的。
It was Jane who paid the meal yesterday. 昨天的飯錢是簡付的。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 正是從太陽那里我們得到了光和熱。（強調句型）
We get light and heat from the sun. 我們從太陽那里得到光和熱。（非強調句型）
11. 可以用來替代整個句子或句中某個部分所表示的意思，前指或后指（參閱上文）
He is a scholar and he looks it. 他是個學者，看上去也像。
He hates children, and it is strange. 他不喜歡孩子，這很奇怪。
John is an idiot, and he looks it. 約翰是個白癡，一看就知道。
They are strong and should be it. 他們強大，也應該強大。(＝strong)
He's a teacher, and he looks it. 他是教師，看上去也是當教師的。
It's quite true, all that she told us. 她告訴我們的都是真的。
It's a nuisance, this noisy fan. 這臺噪聲很大的電扇真討厭。
“Do you like watching the sunset?”“Yes, I thoroughly enjoy it.” “你喜歡看落日嗎？”“太喜歡了。”
“The couple got divorced last week.” “Who would have thought of it?” “那對夫妻上周離婚了。”“誰會想到呢？”（指代整個句子The couple got divorced last week.）
Though no one knew it，it would be the last time he would be present at the meeting. 誰也不知道這將是他最后一次參加會議了。
He helped me a lot during my college years. I shall never forget it. 在我讀大學的年月里，他曾給了我許多幫助，我永遠不會忘記。
Mrs. Anderson is already past fifty，but she doesn't look it. 安德森夫人已年過五十，但看不出來。
You are much stronger now, though you may not look it. 現在你身體結實多了，雖然你看上去還不那么結實。
It's known to all of us, his great achievements in this field. 他在這個領域的巨大成就，我們都知道。
A：When can we come to visit you？我們可以什么時候來看你？
B：Any time you feel like it. 隨時都可以。
12. it 組成的慣用語
it同動詞結合可以組成慣用詞組，這種用法的 it 無明確指代關系，也無明確語義。
如：Bother it! 討厭！
Confound it! 討厭！
Take it easy. 別著急，慢慢來。
You're in for it. 你要倒霉了。
That must be it. 準是那么回事。
That is about it. 差不多是這樣。(＝nearly the case)
That's it. 那正是我想知道的。(＝something I want to know)
The man is so badly injured that I'm afraid he has had it. （沒希望了，不行了）
Go it！We'll back you up. 加油！我們會支持你的。
Win or lose，we'll stick it out.不論輸贏，我們都將堅持到底。
I footed it all the way. 我一路走著來的。
Go it while you're young. 趁年輕，好好干。
I'll give it him hot. 我要好好教訓他一頓。
Hang it all. We can't leave now. 見鬼！我們現在不能離開。
We had a nice time of it. 我們玩得很愉快。
You're asking for it. 你是自討苦吃。
At last we've made it. 我們終于成功了。
Go it on your own! 自己動手做吧！
Go it alone! 自個兒做吧！
Make a run for it! Run! 快跑！快！
He decided to rough it on his vacation. 他決定簡簡單單過個假期算了。
There is nothing for it but to stand. 沒有別的辦法，只能忍耐一下。
13. for it的含義
The ruler lorded it over the people. 那個統治者欺壓百姓。
She had a very thin time of it in those years. 那些年里，她過得可真難。
He spent a tiring day of it weeding the field. 他在田里除了一天草，非常疲憊。
I can't stand it any longer. I'm resigning. 我再也忍受不了了，我要辭職。
The worst of it is the house isn't even paid for yet. 最糟糕的是，這房子還沒有付錢。
Just because he got a higher mark he really thinks he's it. 他因為分數比別人高就自以為了不起。
You'll catch it if your father finds you doing that. 要是你父親發現你那樣，他會責備你的。
It says in the Bible that the snake lures Adam and Eve to eat the Forbidden Fruit. 圣經上說，蛇引誘亞當和夏娃偷吃了禁果。
其他常見的有：
go it alone獨自做
make it做到/起到/辦成
battle it out 決出勝負
hit it猜對/說中
beat it 走開/滾開
cheese it停止
hop it快溜
foot/walk it步行
brave it out拼著做到底
tram it坐電車去
cab it乘車
bus it坐公共汽車去
train it坐火車去
taxi it坐出租車去
boat it坐船去
pig it過困苦生活
tube it坐地鐵去
king it做帝王/統治
dog it擺闊氣
queen it當女王/統治
leg it逃走
inn it住旅館
hoof it 逃走
hotel it住旅館
trip it 長途旅行
cool it平靜下來
go it blind瞎做
Dash it! 混賬！
get it挨罵
chance it 碰碰運氣
hike it 步行
boss it 盛氣凌人
hang it out 怠工
a hard time of it 過得艱難
hang it 該死
Deuce take it! 見鬼！
an easy time of it 愉快的時間
Damn it！該死！
be hard put to it 處于困境
a thin time of it 不愉快
have the worst of it 遭到失敗
a tiring day of it 疲勞的一天
make a revenge of it 報復
brazen it out 厚著臉皮硬挺
make a jolly life of it 過得快活
fight it out一決雌雄/做到底
draw it fine 區別得十分精確
rough it生活困頓/艱難地生活
duke it out 打出個輸贏
come it達到……目的/成功地做……
come/go it strong做得過分/過分夸大
call it a day今天就做到這里/到此為止
just for the hell of it只是為了好玩
as luck would have it碰巧/不湊巧/倒霉
face it out把……堅持到底/撐到底
take it out of somebody拿……出氣
cut it fine （在時間，金錢等方面）算得幾乎不留余地
make the best of it 以隨遇而安的態度對待不利情況
14. it that 可以引導賓語從句
take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，count on，rely on 等后的賓語從句要求用 it that引導。
如：I take it that he's not interested in the book. 我猜想他對這本書不感興趣。（猜想，認為）
She hid it that she was married. 她隱瞞了她已結了婚。（隱瞞）
He saw to it that the work was finished on time. 他確保工作按時完成。（確保）
I take it that you have been out. 我以為你出去了。
He insisted on it that we set off before noon. 他堅持我們午前出發。
You may depend upon it that we'll never desert you. 你可以相信，我們不會不管你的。
You can put it that it was arranged beforehand. 你可以認為這是早先安排好的。
I will answer for it that she is a qualified accountant. 我愿擔保她是個稱職的會計師。
You may rely on it that everything will be all right. 你可以放心，一切都會好起來的。
I took his word for it that he would take part in the TV debate. 我聽他這么說，以為他真的要參加這次電視辯論。
【提示】see to it that, insist on it that, no doubt about it that 結構中介詞和it常可省略。
如：I'll see (to it) that the job is done properly. 我將保證這項工作做得妥妥當當。
He insisted (on it) that everyone should come to the party. 他堅決要求每個人都參加晚會。
for it可以表示“應付的手段或方法，因此，受罰”等。
如：There is nothing for it but to wait. 別無他法，只能等待。（辦法）
It is none the better for it. 這并不因此而好些。（因此）
She will be in for it. 她會倒霉的。（倒霉）
He had to run for it. 他必須快跑。（以躲避大雨等）
He made a bolt for it. 他趕快逃走了。
15. have it that的含義
have it that結構意為“……說”。
如：Legend has it that there is a dragon in the lake. 據傳說，這個湖里有一條龍。
Rumor has it that he has escaped into the forest. 據謠傳，他逃到森林里去了。
The newspaper has it that the president will resign. 報上說總統將要辭職。
take it that （猜想，認為）不可同 have it that （說）混淆。
16. Who is it 和Who is that
Who is it？問的不是具體的人，it 泛指任何人。Who is that？問的是明確具體的人，that 指具體“某人”。聽到有人在敲門，你要說的是：Who is it？看見有人在閱覽室里讀報，你要問的是：Who is that？
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